Computer Vision Syndrome In University Students During The Covid-19 Pandemic: Prevalence And Associated Risk Factors

To evaluate the prevalence of Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS) and identify associated risk factors among university students during the COVID-19 pandemic, when online education substantially increased digital screen exposure.

European University Cyprus; undergraduate students participating in prolonged mandatory online education during pandemic-related lockdowns.

A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using a self-administered online questionnaire incorporating items from the validated Computer Vision Syndrome Questionnaire (CVS-Q). Data collected included demographic characteristics, refractive errors, duration and type of digital screen use, ergonomic parameters, preventive practices, and CVS-related symptoms. CVS was defined as the presence of six or more symptoms persisting for at least one week. Statistical analysis included chi-square testing and multivariable logistic regression.

A total of 134 students (mean age 23.1 ± 4.9 years) were included. CVS prevalence was 54%. The most frequently reported symptoms were eye strain, headaches, and neck pain. CVS was significantly associated with refractive errors—particularly myopia and astigmatism—contact lens use, inappropriate screen distance and height, infrequent breaks, lack of lubricant eye drop use, inadequate screen lighting adjustment, and limited awareness of CVS and the 20-20-20 rule. Headaches, blurred near vision, glare, dry eyes, red eyes, and shoulder pain were identified as independent predictors of CVS.

Computer Vision Syndrome was highly prevalent among university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Modifiable ergonomic factors, insufficient preventive practices, and low awareness significantly contributed to CVS development. Targeted educational interventions and ergonomic recommendations are necessary to mitigate CVS risk in populations exposed to prolonged digital screen use.