Morphological Characteristics And Histopathological Changes In The Lens Capsule Of Pediatric Cataracts : A Prospective Interventional Study

To describe the various morphological characteristics and histopathological changes in the lens capsule of pediatric cataracts

Pediatric cataracts are an important cause of preventable blindness, with its prevalence in Asia. 7.4- 15.3% of pediatric blindness is due to cataract. Intrauterine infections are an important cause of childhood cataract in developing countries. Studies on ultrastructure of lens capsule are limited.

Though many risk factors and associations had been studied, the exact etiology remains obscure yet. Knowing the disease burden, it is crucial to widen understanding on mechanism of cataract formation.

68 eyes with pediatric cataracts were included. All of the underwent lens matter aspiration with IOL implantation. Posterior capsulorrhexis was performed in indicated cases. Capsules retrieved were sent for histopathological examination and documents were recorded.

Bilateral cataracts were more common (81.39%). Males were in higher proportion (67.44%). Overall prevalence of pediatric cataract was found to be 1.91%. TORCH profile was reactive in 67%. Positive family history was seen in 12%. Lamellar cataract was the most common morphology (50%) followed by total cataract (30.76%). Family history and antenatal fever favored association with cataract morphology.

Histopathology showed thickening of basement membrane (83.01%), stratification of epithelium, subcapsular necrosis, calcification and necrosis.

Pediatric cataracts are unique in their morphology as well as capsule behavior. This study highlights the significance of screening TORCH infections in the mother as well as newborn will aid in effective and timely management of paediatric cataract. This also stresses the role of histopathology in understanding the etiopathogenesis of congenital cataract.