The Impact Of Anterior Vitreous Detachment On Our Cataract Surgery Goals

This study aimed to determine the frequency of anterior vitreous detachment (AVD) in routine cataract cases and to investigate its effect on postoperative processes.

Prospective, non-interventional single-center study.

110 eyes of 100 patients were included in this study. Before cataract surgery, the anterior vitreous status of each patient was evaluated by biomicroscopic examination and ultrasonic biomicroscopy (UBM). Documentation of adhesions between the posterior capsule of the lens and the anterior hyaloid membrane was performed using UBM. A detailed ophthalmological examination was performed on all patients at the 1-month follow-up after cataract surgery. Various parameters such as age, gender, visual acuity, intraocular pressure values, anterior chamber depth (ACD) and spherical equivalent values were recorded for each patient.

The average age of the patients included in the study was 68.1±7.93(40-84) years.Spontaneous AVD was detected in 71 eyes (64.5%) before surgery.71 eyes that developed complications during cataract surgery had anterior hyaloid detachment before surgery.A positive, low correlation between the presence of anterior vitreous detachment and surgical complications was determined (r:0.208, p:0.030). No statistically significant difference was found between the presence of anterior vitreous detachment and postoperative visual acuity, intraocular pressure value and axial length (p>0.05). However, a statistically significant difference was found in the relationship between postoperative anterior chamber depth and anterior vitreous detachment (p<0.05).

According to literature, the status of the anterior vitreous may contribute to a better understanding of ocular parameters and posterior segment complications during and after surgery.In our study,a moderate association with perioperative complications was found. We found that complications such as perioperative posterior capsule fluctuation and posterior capsule damage may occur in cases with AVD. Postoperatif ACD was deeper in those without preoperative AVD. The difference in ACD did not result in a clinically significant difference in spherical equivalent, likely due to other factors affecting refraction.Further studies are needed to elucidate the precise impact of AVD on surgical outcomes and guide clinical decision-making.