“To Study And Analyze The Association Of Diabetic Retinopathy And Its Severity With Left Ventricular Dysfunction And Hypertrophy Among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients-A Hospital Based Analytical Cross - Sectional Study "

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) has emerged as one of the most significant health crises experienced worldwide. It is predicted that by 2030, in India, DM may affect up to 79.4 million. Hence WHO has labeled India as the diabetic capital of the world.

Cataract and retinopathy are well- known as ocular complications of diabetes.

There is an expanding pool of evidence to indicate that the existence of retinopathy is related to several heart diseases.  Hence the present study was done at our tertiary care center to assess the association of diabetic retinopathy and its severity with left ventricular dysfunction and hypertrophy among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.

Department of Ophthalmology & Cardiology , Vinayaka Mission's Kirupananda Variyar Medical College and Hospital –VMKVMC&H , Salem, Tamilnadu , India.

Institution affiliated to Vinayaka Missions Research Foundation VMRFDU ( Deemed To Be University ), Salem, Tamilnadu , India.

Study design: hospital based analytical cross-sectional study

Duration: 2 years

Ethical committee approval : Obtained

Inclusion Criteria:Age > 40 years, both genders, diabetes > 5 years .

Exclusion Criteria: Age < 40 years, diabetes <5 years ,previous heart disorders / surgery, history of other retinal diseases

Grouping:100 patients (50 patients in each group)

GROUP 1 NPDR

GROUP 2  PDR

Method:

Diabetic history collected ,patients examined for vision , slit lamp examination , fundus examination by ophthalmoscope & OCT.2D ECHO & Doppler (Pulse wave, Pulmonary vein) was used to measure cardiac parameters.

Statistical Analysis : SPSS V.21.s ,ANOVA ,student T test , Chi-Square test. A p value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

According to duration of diabetes most of the cases were having duration from 5 to 10 years (81%) while only 19% had duration more than 10 years .

According to types, diabetic retinopathy was divided into mild, moderate, severe  and very severe NPDR having 14,17,12 and 7 cases respectively and 50 cases were of PDR in our study .

In the current study, a significant association was found in echo findings of left ventricular mass, left ventricular end diastolic diameter, mean E/A ratio and mean isovolumetric relaxation time with respect to DR .

A significant association was found between LVD and DR.

29 cases with LVD had NPDR while 32  cases without LVD had PDR .

According to the findings of this study, conducting regular screenings for such complications in all diabetic patients, followed by strain echocardiography for those at high risk, can serve as a cost-effective approach for diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis.