A Systematic Review Of Current Management Strategies For Myopia Progression

The goal of this research is to systematically review and analyze the available evidence on the effectiveness and safety of various therapeutic interventions for controlling myopia progression in children and adolescents. By synthesizing data from clinical studies conducted worldwide over the past decade.
By achieving these objectives, this systematic review aims to contribute to improving the overall eye health and quality of life for children and adolescents affected by myopia

 Eligibility criteria using the PICOS framework:

- Population:Individuals of all ages diagnosed with myopia.
- Intervention: Studies assessing factors influencing myopia progression or control interventions.
- Comparison:Studies with or without control groups, including observational comparisons.
- Outcome:Myopia progression measured by changes in refractive error or axial length.

- study designs, including randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, case-control studies, and systematic reviews.

Information Sources:Searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science for myopia-related studies until December 2023.

Study Selection:Two reviewers assessed titles and abstracts for eligibility, resolving discrepancies through discussion.

Data Extraction: Key information on study characteristics and outcomes was collected.

Risk of Bias Assessment: Bias was evaluated using appropriate tools.

Data Synthesis: Findings were summarized and meta-analysis performed where applicable.

Publication Bias Assessment: Bias was assessed using funnel plots and statistical tests.

Reporting: The review adheres to PRISMA guidelines.

Optical strategies, particularly eyeglasses, showed promise in managing myopia due to their non-invasive nature. Pharmacological interventions like atropine demonstrated efficacy in short-term control, while progressive soft contact lenses emerged as a viable alternative. Novel spectacle lens designs (HAL and SAL) require further investigation. A combination therapy of DIMS and atropine appeared as a potential long-term solution. Environmental factors, such as outdoor time and near-work activities, significantly impact myopia progression, emphasizing the importance of managing these factors in control strategies.

A synergistic approach combining multiple strategies is crucial for optimizing myopia control. Further research is necessary to investigate the long-term effects, potential side effects, and overall efficacy of novel methods. The scientific community remains committed to advancing understanding and developing innovative solutions for myopia management.