The Origins Of The Refractive Surgery In Ophthalmology And Their Complications

Today, refractive surgery is an essential part of corneal surgery. Its development is rapid, with more knowledge, tools, and surgical machines. However, humans have always desired to intervene medically to correct their ametropias. This effort opened new paths in ophthalmology. In this paper, the first steps are examined with the surgical complications that prevent many physicians from aborting their techniques

A'  Ophthalmologic Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki 

Since ancient times, man has been looking for a way to improve his visual ability.Starting from the issue of near vision, passing through the desire for accurate distant vision, and ending with the improvement or treatment of eye aging, he invented means such as optical aids, but also more drastic ones such as surgically intervening in the organ of vision itself, the eye, either by first removing the crystalline lens without inserting it,or by inserting a synthetic one,or by sculpting the cornea (Hermann Boerhaave,1668-1738)),V.Fukala (1889), Waclaw Szuniewicz,(1948),Ignasio Barraquer (1964) Svyatoslov N. Fyodorov (1973) F.Verzella 1984).We used and studied old ophthalmological works and historical and surgical manuals for the presentation

Besides the ancient technique of couching, from the 18th century, practicing ophthalmologists start to think about correcting the aging lens with phacic lenses, the surgical extraction, and corneal keratomileusis. The treatment of vision loss was initially done by adding optical aids but also with surgical techniques, such as removing the human lens, either by removing or inserting corneal grafts or even with keratectomies or tissue removals. The inspired surgeons used a number of techniques to confront the unsolved condition of refractive changes during human life

In medicine, all the ideas start timirly to apply until their perfection. Today, after the glasses, refractive surgery has been established as the main method of drastically correcting ametropia with great success, followed by replacing the crystalline human lens. It is amazing that human mind works indefinitely for the progress and knowledge on the fields of science. The future of refractive surgery will be amazing and unpredictable, and the target  will be the 'supervision'