Bilateral Nanophtalmia Features : From High Hypermetropia To Macular Folds

nanophthalmia is a rare form of congenital microphthalmia and mostly sporadic but can be observed in siblings due to genetic transmission. The dimensions of the eye are small, including a length short axial (16–18.5 mm) with little anterior chamber depth and an almost normal lens size creating a high volume to lens ratio . Nanophthalmic eyes usually have high hypermetropia . A wide variety of posterior segment changes, such as filling of the optic disc and papillomacular retinal folds. The diagnosis will be made on a set of arguments clinical and paraclinical in particular tomography by optical coherence (OCT) can reveal a retinal fold sparing the retinal pigment epithelium and the choriocapillaris.

Ophthalmology department, mohammed VI university Hospital, Oujda, Morocco 

describe the clinical and paraclinical signs in a child with nanophthalmia

Observation: 10-year-old boy, the ophthalmological examination finds a micro cornea, an anterior chamber reduced in ODG, narrow angles to gonioscopy, and in  fundus exam  find a   filled discs with fuzzy margins and horizontal macular folds emanating from the fovea and extending up to the optical disc, ocular ultrasound objective an axial length of 14.5 mm in OD and 16 mm in OG, a scleral thickening, a reduced chamber with a normal-sized lens. The macular OCT confirms the presence of a macular fold in the neurosensory retina sparing the pigment epithelium and the choroid.

Discussion: Nanophthalmia is a rare form of congenital microphthalmia in which the anterior and posterior segments are abnormally small, but the lens has normal dimensions, which creates a high volume / lens ratio, associated with abnormalities of the posterior segment including maculopapillary folds reported in our case.

Conclusion: Nanophthalmia is a rare blinding pathology due to its complications if it is not taken care of early. Genetic diagnostics will facilitate genetic counseling for familial forms of this anomaly and can help reduce amblyopia due to farsightedness. corrected, and to improve monitoring to minimize glaucoma and retinal complications caused by nanophthalmia.