Cataract In Patients Treated For Retinoblastoma In The Pediatrics National Institute Of Mexico (2011-2021)

To describe the presence of secondary cataract in patients with retinoblastoma at the National Institute of Pediatrics (INP) in the last 10 years.

Specifics:
• Identify the laterality and the classification group of Retinoblastoma
• Identify the treatment performed on eyes with retinoblastoma.
• Report the prevalence of cataract in patients treated for retinoblastoma
• Report the time of evolution between the diagnosis of retinoblastoma and that of cataract
• Identify the time to achieve the regression
• Identify the existence of tumor reactivation after cataract surgery

Type of study: OBSERVATIONAL, RETROSPECTIVE and DESCRIPTIVE
Universe of study: eyes diagnosed with retinoblastoma and cataract at the INP (2011-2021)
Inclusion criteria: patients who have developed cataract after diagnosis of retinoblastoma
Exclusion criteria: incomplete files

The clinical records of the INP database were reviewed under the diagnosis of "malignant tumor of the eye" and it was crossed with the database of patients treated for cataract and from there the sociodemographic data, eye characteristics and procedures performed were taken. .

833 records of patients diagnosed with Retinoblastoma at the National Institute of Pediatrics in the period between June 2011 and June 2021 were reviewed.
Of all of them, only 14 presented cataract (1.6%).
The median age at retinoblastoma diagnosis was 10.5 months (IQR: 6-13 months) and the median age at cataract diagnosis was 51.5 months (IQR: 25-73 months).
The majority (13, 92.9%) of the patients had bilateral involvement. 42% of the eyes were Stage D according to the international classification of retinoblastoma.
Cryotherapy was applied in 57.1%, intravitreal chemotherapies in 85.7%, radiotherapy in 42.6% and only 7.1% of cases were treated with intra-arterial chemotherapy.

The presence of cataract in patients with retinoblastoma is a rare but important entity for the development of vision in children and control of intraocular tumors. These probably occur late as a result of the multiple treatments to which the children have been subjected without being able to determine in this study which is the risk factor most associated with the development of this pathology.