Ocular Surface Diseases

Dry eye disease (DED) is an important problem for patients and their eye care providers because it can affect daily function, quality of life, vision and the outcomes of cataract and refractive surgery. It is also significant because it is a common condition in populations around the world. Dry eye disease seems to be increasing in response to local alterations already present in the eye, systemic diseases and external factors like poor air quality, high pollution and, even, changes in climate. This affects quality of life causing a disruption of a healthy microenvironment at the ocular surface. Studies investigating the epidemiology of DED report a wide range of prevalence rates, which may be explained in part by the use of different definitions. According to available data, however, as many as 33% to 40% of adults have dry eye symptoms. Importantly, findings of studies evaluating signs of DED (eg., tear film breakup time and tear volume) suggest there are individuals with dry eye who are not aware of their condition. Understanding the risk factors for DED, its possible etiologies, and the pathophysiologic mechanisms by which it develops and progresses can help clinicians as they approach the diagnosis and management of this condition. When evaluating patients for DED, it is also important to consider that other ocular surface diseases with overlapping signs and symptoms can mimic DED, but may coexist with and exacerbate DED. Clearly, unravelling the root causes of DED is required for successful treatment. Lately, there have been exciting developments in terms of understanding the pathophysiology of DED as well as for improving diagnosis and management. In this program, a renowned international faculty of DED experts provide an update on recent and forthcoming advances and share pearls for clinical practice. Download Supplement - click here